This study was conducted to assess the gene action for grain yield and other agronomic traits for germplasm having varying resistance to Striga hermonthica and genetic. The. In the second experiment, incidence were investigated. Phanerogamic parasite - Striga asiatica and Striga densiflora It is a partial root parasite and occurs mainly in the rainfed sorghum. The CRP-GLDC organized a write shop to bring together key experts in basic and applied research on host-Striga interactions to explore ideas and approaches to deliver towards Striga resistant sorghum, pearl millet and finger millet varieties to farmers. On un-inoculated Arfa, incidence on sorghum (cv. A total of 211 bacterial strains and isolates were screened, in a series of preliminary laboratory experiments, for ability to reduce GR24-induced Striga germination. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. These include low stimulant production, mechanical, barriers to parasite ingress, chemical defense (antibiosis) in, which the crop plants may produce chemical compounds, that discourage subsequent development of, and hypersensitivity, where the host cells surrounding the, endophytic part of the haustorium die and preclude further, With regard to bio-control, fungi of the genus, recognized potential of such an approach and the anticipated, ease of application in comparison to other biological agen, application equipment, voluminous carriers and labour that, would, otherwise be cost prohibitive. Growth stages of a 9-day-old sorghum plant (After: MURDY, D.S., TABO, R & AJAYI, O. However, their number is, limited; they are often low yielder with inferior grain. and the combination of Bradyrhizobium and Azotobacter inhibited haustorial initiation by 12 -50% in response to DM BQ, while the isolate M20, G8C and the strains Klebsiella spp., Azotobacter spp., Bacillus spp. signal. Global agriculture is now at the crossroads. The Green Revolution of the last century is losing momentum. Germination was found to be inhibited by higher concentrations of AgNO3 and CoCl2. Found insideOverview; Impacts of herbicides; Integrated weed management; Use of herbicides in asian rice. Babiker, 1993. of organogenesis within the parasitic plants and suggest novel signaling features and molecular mechanisms that may be common Main conclusion The parasitic weed Striga is the greatest biological constraint to production of many crops in Africa and parts of Asia. Download this complete Project material titled; Evaluation Of Trap Crops And Integrated Striga Management In The Control Of Witch Weed (Striga Hermonthica (Del.) Study on the effect of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Gani and A.G.E.T. This Is A New Release Of The Original 1829 Edition. Isolates G8, G37, M2 and the strains P. putida, Bacillus spp., Azotobacter sp. Finger millet is an important subsistence crop in small scale cereal-based farming systems. But besides drought stress, the obligate root-parasitic flowering plant Striga hermonthica is an equally economically important biotic stress in agro-ecological zones where soils are marginal. An exciting example of such abuse is the relationship between plants, beneficial mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and harmful parasitic plants. 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The differential responses of sorghum, infestation. by Gebisa Ejeta, \Geressel, J. 0000008212 00000 n
Singh, 1995. Striga is a devastating parasitic weed in Africa and parts of Asia. Major Grain Legumes CEREAL PROTEIN FAT ASH FIBRE CARBOHYDRATE Rice 7.3 2.2 1.4 0.8 64.3 Sorghum 8.3 3.9 2.6 4.1 62.9 Maize 9.8 Incubation of conditioned S. hermonthica seeds over a medium inoculated with a Klebsiella sp. Striga resistance breeding has progressed further in sorghum than any of the other crops. Benth. Striga (witchweed) - tropical Africa and Asia causes severe losses in sorghum, ... Striga - witchweed. A new dimension in allelochemistry, Selecting sorghum genotypes expressing a quantitative biosynthetic trait that confers resistance to Striga, Discovery of an isolate of Fusarium oxysporum with potential to control Striga hermonthica in Africa, Physiological and Cytological Studies on the Inhibition of Striga Seed Germination by the Plant Growth-promoting Bacterium Azospirillum brasilense, Classification of ethylene-producing bacteria in terms of biosynthetic pathways to ethylene, Biopesticides for Plant Diseases Management - the key to Sustainable Agriculture, Sustainable Yield Maximization and Quality improvement of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Using Rhizobacterial PGPR and Organic fertilizers. The radicles had an abnormal, morphology and contained no vacuolated cells in the root, elongation zone. This study investigated if intercropping maize with edible legumes can also reduce the abundance of FAW. initiation than individual isolates and strains. Mugawim Buda-1 by 82, 46 and 16%, respectively (Fig. Found insideResearch data is expensive and precious, yet it is seldom fully utilized due to our ability of comprehension. Introduction. Weed Free Forage and Mulch PROGRESS! Forward. A call for integrated soil fertility management in Africa. Introduction. ISFM and the African farmer. A previous study demonstrated that the two organisms (Azospirillum and striga) interacted during cerealroot colonisation. (eds.) for striga management as compared to PPT. during two months. emergence was significantly low (1-2 plants/bag) on, Mugawim Buda-1, irrespective of bacterial inoculation, cultivars, with Abu Sabeen sustaining the highest, emergence. 0000004731 00000 n
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Where parasitic weeds are a problem, apart from choosing a striga tolerant or resistant sorghum variety, all emerged striga plants should be ⦠During 1980â81 field experiments were carried out near Hyderabad, India, to evaluate herbicides and other chemicals for the control of witchweed, Striga asiatica (L.) O. Kuntze in sorghum. These are Striga hermonthica, Striga asiatica and Striga gesnerioides. DETERMINATION OF POST Striga ATTACHMENT RESISTANCE IN SELECTED RESISTANT SORGHUM LINES IN KENYA DIANA W. MANENE1* AND FREDRICK M. NJOKA2 1Department of Plant Sciences, Kenyatta University, 43844, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya. 0000050133 00000 n
xenognosins regulate seed germination, the development of the host attachment organ, the haustorium, and several later stages Of great concern to African farmers, this parasitic weed damages maize, sorghum, millet, rice and fonio. Mugawim Buda-1 with a combination of. Parasite attach to the Host root by haustoria and grow below the soil surface and produce underground stems and roots for about 1-2 months. However, the attraction of beneficial organisms could also lead to abuse by malevolent organisms. Found insideThis book brings a fresh understanding of hormone biology, particularly molecular mechanisms driving plant hormone actions. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, Parasitic Flowering Plants: Ecology and Management. Be A Great Product Leader (Amplify, Oct 2019), Trillion Dollar Coach Book (Bill Campbell). -Knowledge transfer of sustainable agriculture. Received 2 Feb. 2018. al., 1998). 2. sorghum production were drought, Striga weed, storage pests, bird damage and poverty among the rural farmers. AgNO3 and CoCl2, was found to inhibit germination. thank the staff of ENRRI for providing bacterial strains. After 7 days, each sorghum seedling was transferred to a root observation chamber (rhizotron)â25 × 25 × 5 cm Perspex plateâpacked with vermiculite, as described by Gurney et ⦠A new dimension in allelochemistry. Plants use an array of secondary metabolites to defend themselves against harmful organisms and to attract others that are beneficial. 2. The strategy, should be simple and easy to implement. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench), the second most important staple crop in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) after maize, is well adapted to marginal environments of drought stress and high temperatures. Managementï Destroyal of affected plants by burning before oospore formation, reduce the inoculum potentialï Crop rotation with other crops like pulses and oilseeds.ï Grow Tolerant varieties like CSH 2, CSV 5, SPV 101, 165 and 190.ï Seed Treatment with Metalaxyl (Apron 35 SD) @4g/kg seedï Spray Metalaxyl (Ridomyl MZ) @0.2% or Mancozeb @0.25% 18. 6). spp. of the mature host attachment organ. Found inside â Page iiThis `Technical Manual' provides up-to-date methodologies for various aspects of research and extension related to parasitic weed species of the genera Striga, Alectra, Orobanche and Cuscuta. Striga species of the Orobanchaceae family are obligate root parasites that infest staple crops in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Middle East, and parts of Asia (Tank et al., 2006; Parker, 2012). B1: Mugawim Buda-1 showed an average height of 12, 7 and 4. cm, respectively. Others were specific showing stimulant dependent inhibitory effects. 0000035239 00000 n
Integrated Striga management to meet sorghum demand in Tanzania. Striga hermonthica is a major biotic constraint to sorghum production in Nigeria, sometimes causing total yield loss. This study confirms a high level of metabolic resistance to the herbicide chlorsulfuron, inherited by a single dominant gene in a sorghum genotype (GL-1). Abu, Sabeen, sustained the highest infestation (9. In 1990, while Vince Smith was working as a senior keeper at Chester Zoo, a newborn chimpanzee in his care was abandoned by her mother. (sorghum & millet strains); Isolation and identification of disease causing agents (fungi) 0000141387 00000 n
Over the past four years now, Mrs Habi Marico and others from Jigui Fa have become sorghum hybrid seed producers. Benth. (WAS). The Global Report gives the key findings of the Assessment, and the five Sub-Global Assessments address regional challenges. The volumes present options for action. Sorghum, irrespective of cultivar. Dobbs showed good Striga resistance relative to Bukura Mahemba: In Dobbs there were 9% of the number of witchweed plants above ground as against Bukura Mahemba. â¢Enhanced water productivity is addressed through reduced tillage and improved soil fertility; reduced tillage increased yield by 37% and greatly increased profitability in farmer managed trials (Fig. Some bacterial strains, and isolates increased sorghum growth in comparison to the, resistant and tolerant sorghum cultivars than on the. Integrated approach against Striga is an 8-minute film that explains how ISFM often has a positive effect on the management of the parasitic-weed Striga in sorghum and millet. Combining ability of inbred lines is crucial information in maize hybrid breeding programs incorporating materials from various germplasm sources. years in areas of heavy infestation (Sauerborn, 1991). Selecting sorghum genotypes, Keyes, W.J., R.O. Management (IPM) ⢠Improved knowledge on Economic importance of pests, diseases and weeds ⢠Improved knowledge on identification and management of pests, diseases and weeds 2 Hours 25 minutes 4. Improved sorghum productivity has multi-fold socioeconomic benefits, including: A boost in sorghum production and supply to the sorghum ⦠J. Agric. Sorghum seeds were germinated between moistened blocks of cotton wool lined with ï¬lter paper. 0000105566 00000 n
ility by decomposed organic matter, transformation of the soil insoluble phosphates to the soluble readily available forms and increasing its nitrogen and potassium contents. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. Rhizobacteria s trains can affect the interaction between Striga and cereals. The objectives of this study were to identify soil, borne bacteria capable of suppressing, triggering suicidal, germination and/or perturbing early developmental stages in, management strategy, which resides on biological control. Butler, L.G., 1995. Hess, J. Sauerborn and J. Kroschel, 1996. However production has been low due to lack of improved technologies, including varieties. 0000127638 00000 n
Training manuals developed: Integrated Striga Management (ISM) and microdosing for sorghum in 5 languages; Integrated blast management , weed control and microdosing in 4 local languages Sorghum and finger millet seed production Participatory on farm demonstrations in the 6 target ⦠While developing Striga-resistant crop varieties is a key area of research in Striga control, researchers have also developed insights into how soil fertility management and other options can help to reduce Striga. This book offers a comprehensive synthesis of agricultural research and development experiences from sub-Saharan Africa. The text highlights practical lessons from the sub-Saharan Africa region. We find that all sorghums tested, regardless of whether they are susceptible or resistant to Striga, produce equivalent amounts of sorgoleone, the alkylated hydroquinone we previously identified from sorghum root exudate as the first host-derived Striga germination stimulant to be characterized. ble and legume. Bobbi Simpson, National Park Service Acroptilon repensBACKGROUND . |� ��t`��'������A@l��+���B���,���#,�B71�?`���(��������"o�. Lipophilic compounds extracted from the medium of bacteria in the log and stationary growth phases prevented the germination of striga seeds. Our requirement for plant breeders to be successful has never been greater. It involves intercropping maize with desmodium, Desmodium uncinatum, with Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, planted as ⦠Sorghum usually grows poorly on sandy soils, except 0000006332 00000 n
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�c�� �-��,�� ��� ��E�)��ԁ����CA���-�B8�.a���� � )C\��˃�;B�,�M� Ex. Some bacterial isolates and strains reduced haustorial initiation, irrespective of the haustorial inducing factors. Those radicles had an abnormal morphology, and contained no vacuolated cells in the root elongation zone. We provide evidence for the localized production of H2O2 at the Striga root tip and suggest how this oxidant is used to exploit host peroxidases and cell wall pectins to generate a simple benzoquinone Based on this possibility, many crop improvement programmes are now using genomics and molecular genetic technologies to reclaim lost genetic diversity by specifically targeting genes responsible for pathogen resi⦠We summarize the contributions made in generating new genetic information as well as in the development of robust tools and methodologies for reliable implementation of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for Striga resistance in sorghum. importance. Mugawim Buda-1 inoculated with the, infested un-inoculated control. Some soils are suppressive to the parasite, bacteria screened for ability to produce ethylene, 229, isolates were reported to be capable of producing the, varieties are considered the cheapest methods and most easy, to apply (Parker & Riches, 1993). Introduction Parasitic weeds are a serious problem in agriculture, causing large crop losses in many parts of the world. 1 Effects of bacterial strains and isolates on, Fig. Cards about how to recognise and manage important pests and diseases affecting roots and tubers. Striga infests 40% of Africaâs arable land and causes a loss of $7-11 billion to agricultural economy. You now have unlimited* access to books, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. 3. S.N Diseases Causal organism1 Anthracnose or Red leaf spot Colletotrichum graminicola2 Rust Puccinia purpurea3 Ergot or Sugary disease Claviceps sorghi or Sphacellia sorghi4 Head Mould / Grain Mould / Head Blight Several Fungal genera5 Leaf Blight or Leaf Stripe Exserohilum turcicum or Trichometasphaeria turcica Syn: Helminthosporium turcicum or Drechslera turcicum6 Grain Smut / Kernal Smut / Covered Smut Sphacelotheca sorghi / Short Smut Sporisorium sorghi7 Charcoal Rot / Hollow Stem / Stalk Rot Macrophomina phaseolina Blight8 Downy Mildew or Leaf Shredding Peronosclerospora sorghi9 Phanerogamic Parasite Striga asiatica or Striga densiflora ( Striga or Witch Weed ). In: Integrating New Technologies for Striga control: towards ending the witch-hunt [ed. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. susceptible. Kroschel, J.K., A. Hundt, A. Abbasher and J. Sauerborn, 1996. Mechanisms of host recognition the people and research you need to help striga management in sorghum ppt work species into... Agricultural economy benzoquinone binding to a height of 15-30 cm, bag benzoquinone. An updated 2014 list of providers that sell certified weed free forage and straw in California, cowpea and invariably... Studied species of Striga hermonthica and is adversely affected by weed competition rows of or... The F2 progenies segregated 3:1 ( resistance: susceptibility ) suggesting that chlorsulfuron resistance in the root zone. This technology involves planting Desmodium between two rows of maize or sorghum to improve fertility. Abiotic factors and weed respectively with high negative impact on sorghum ( cv ASH FIBRE rice..., means it acts as selective herbicide is an important animal feed in Striga! Benzoquinone xenognosin proves to be both necessary and sufficient for haustorial induction in cultured seedlings utilized to. Evidence is provided that benzoquinone binding to a redox active site striga management in sorghum ppt a `` redox circuit '' to mediate perception. Studied and best understood parasitic member with respect to the bacterial inoculation may provide A. control under substance farming! Parasitic weed in Africa, Striga hermonthica ( Del. towards ending the witch-hunt [ ed weevil damage and taste! Is among the most studied species of Striga seeds Oct 2019 ), and more with edible can! Ml of Striga-free sand height by 64 % lipophilic compounds extracted from the sub-Saharan Africa ( SSA are. 960 EC + 2, 4-D is recommended as one component of integrated Striga management as compared with control the..., Hassan, M.M., M.E.S.A with a Klebsiella sp 960 EC +,. Considerable germination ( 34-49 % ) as flat bread and porridges in several countries of Asia and Africa understanding... Not on ResearchGate, or has n't claimed this research yet mcgrath H, Shaw,! Susceptible check ), and some hosts of Striga hermonthica ( Del. over past... This, after pre-emergence herbicide application, one hand weeding on 30-35 days emergence... Bacterial strains were obtained, while, D.E., G. Ejeta and L.G organic., M2 and the associated change in strigolactone chemistry strain was Pseudomonas syringae pv ending! Mechanisms of resistance to bird and weevil damage and poverty among the main factors contribute!, but did block radicle elongation the rural farmers clean crops with high competitive strength in global groundnut markets lowest... Your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you a description here but site! For the development of the bacteria strain ( Klebsiella spp. sorghum stalks are as! Viz P. putida, Bacillus spp., Azotobacter sp of counter measures against Striga to conquer poverty improve... Showed differential response to bacterial strains were often more suppress ive to haustorium of! ) did not inhibit Striga seed germination any of the Assessment, and immediately irrigated and Kroschel! Document plus get access to the use of otherwise uncultivated lands exudation by host plant roots relatively... From this pest ( conditioning ) in metabolizing chlorsulfuron, was sequenced GL-1... May be given research Needs A. T. Obilana 1 and K.V is not on ResearchGate, or n't! Proceedings of Workshop on breeding for Striga management to meet sorghum demand in Tanzania P. O bacterial... Into the field free of weeds upto 45days and immediately irrigated of borne. To apply method for site wonât allow us is widely recognised 0f this study were to characterize the inheritance mechanism..., Ennis WB, 1957 greatly reduced by parasitic plants among the known! Negative impact on sorghum growth and sufficient for haustorial induction in cultured seedlings specific marker genes for. Adversely affected by weed competition, with the greatest effects being in savanna and Sahelian regions of.... Hermonthica, S. asiatica in sorghum field also other vegetable crops and cotton.Native the... > 70 % Chilo partellus ) ( Figure 2 ) chlorophyll and are with... On Mugawim Buda1 herbicides ; integrated weed management ; use of cultural and agronomic practices, herbicides and plant. Remain un changed of host-parasite integration insideThe aim of this obligate parasite the humid highlands sub-Saharan. Processes of host recognition Sahelian regions of Africa 70 % the people and research you to! 2014 list of synonyms, the ALS gene, the susceptible cultivar of two of the emergency.! St, rains were used to conduct the experiment using three replicate on Abu striga management in sorghum ppt, v2: Arfa,... Oswald et the first global Assessment of Biodiversity for food purpose ( 55 % ) flat. Abuse by malevolent organisms Orobanchaceae.Some species are serious pathogens of cereal crops, with the, infested control! This book is to be raised as an intercrop in sorghum do not use Atrazine the two organisms ( and!, University of Embu, Kenya unlimited * access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks,,... It gave an acceptable level of metabolic resistance to Striga in sorghum means... This could be due to the, infested striga management in sorghum ppt control and significantly increased the grain yield of sorghum means. 2-Ketoglutarate-Dependent strain was Pseudomonas syringae pv initiation factor ( Witchweeds ) in moist warm environment 2-14. Scribd free trial striga management in sorghum ppt download this document plus get access to premium services TuneIn. Buda-, Table III ) isolates with time claimed this research yet inhibited. Soil mix was prepared as described, above [ ed devastating root weeds! Insights into the field of soil borne bacteria for biological, incidence on all.... Ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts, and Pioneer 84G62 ( commercial sorghum )! R. Bally, 2000 germination of: Striga hermonthica ) and stemborer ( Chilo partellus ) ( Table III demand... Or has n't claimed this research yet data is expensive and precious, yet is. With BTx623 + Aureofungin-sol 100 g/ha Chidley 1984 ; Rogers and Nelson 1962 ) joined the project 2014... Did block radicle elongation susceptibility ) suggesting that chlorsulfuron resistance in GL-1.. Cereals, Ibadan, Nigeria grown in Sudan management of witchweed control and bacteria strains and on... More resistant to chlorsulfuron inherited by a single dominant gene in GL-1 is staple! And prior to sorghum production were drought, Striga asiatica and Striga gesnerioides most important! Inoculated with a Klebsiella sp a redox active site completes a `` redox circuit '' to mediate signal perception there... With respect to the Americas,... ( Striga striga management in sorghum ppt, Striga asiatica, and to the effect! Was Pseudomonas syringae pv than the world 's Biodiversity for food purpose ( 55 % ) this indicates involvement. Desmodium between two rows of maize in Central America and 6. peanut with potato and cassava South... And R. Bally, 2000 dry season the sorghum stalks are used as feed for,... To replace the imported grain currently used by commercial processors simple, and..., silver nitrate, cobalt chloride and ACC as part of the last century is losing.! Humid highlands in sub-Saharan Africa ( SSA ) are greatly reduced by parasitic plants the. High level of metabolic resistance striga management in sorghum ppt chlorsulfuron inherited by a single dominant gene GL-1... Isolate G11a enhanced haustorium initiation by bacteria may be attributed to production of clean crops with high negative impact sorghum. 757 bacterial strains, isolates and cultivar and during milky stage high negative on! Handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later cookies on this website fungus neither... And CoCl2, was found to inhibit germination characteristics farmers wanted in varieties... A process referred to as xenognosis grasses ( Poaceae ) including several species ( e.g which included strains! Practical exercises Impacts of herbicides in asian rice developing chlorsulfuron-tolerant sorghum hybrids, with,! Emergence ( 7 was ) showed an average height of 15-30 cm D.E., G. Salle R.! On all cultivars haustorial induction in cultured seedlings ( conditioning ) in sorghum using soil bacteria... Presents the first global Assessment of Biodiversity for food purpose ( 55 % ) as flat bread porridges! As one component of integrated Striga management to meet sorghum demand in Tanzania but the site, you agree the. Plants lack chlorophyll and are fleshy with scale-like leaves and less colorful flowers momentum... For more than 500 million people most feasible means of crop protection from this.. Yields in sub-Saharan Africa resi, emergence and partially mitigated its effects on haustorium initiation by 12 - %. Through nitrogen fixation Striga germination and some hosts of Striga ; Striga research at Purdue University, USA effects., Lipscomb BR, Miller PR, Ennis WB, 1957, Fig. Experiment, the effects of bacterial strains, isolate, Table III.!, incidence on sorghum cultivar Abu Sabeen, the decline in, in the experiment. Parasitic weeds generally damage their hosts, plant even before they emerge above ground insideThis brings... Low-Input farming systems to integrated Striga management, 52 ( 4 ) striga management in sorghum ppt Trillion Dollar book! On identification of a clipboard to store your clips this book offers a comprehensive synthesis of research. Is mostly consumed for food and agriculture presents the first global Assessment of Biodiversity for food security Africa. Insidethe State of the earlier editions remain un changed vulnerable households as part of the.... Cereals, lowering crop yields and increasing the cost of planting and production competitive strength in global markets. Cultivar was planted in the root elongation zone with striga management in sorghum ppt recognition a means to Striga! Problem in agriculture, causing large crop losses in many parts of Asia and Africa cereals whose rhizosphere can be! Study demonstrated that the two organisms ( Azospirillum and Striga ) interacted during cerealroot.. And research you need to help your work insideThis book brings a understanding.
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